Unity3d实现有限状态机系统
发表于2018-03-25
在前面给大家介绍了可视化有限状态机编辑器插件PlayerMaker的使用，这篇文章主要是教大家如何在代码中实现一个状态机系统，想知道方法的可以看看。
首先创建一个脚本，来管理我们的各个状态
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Linq;
/// <summary>
/// 状态ID
/// </summary>
public enum FSMStateID
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NullFSMStateID,
PatrolFSMStateID,//巡逻状态
ChaseFSMStateID,//追逐状态
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/// <summary>
/// 状态转化条件
/// </summary>
public enum FSMTransition
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SeePlayer,//看到主角（目标）
LeavePlayer,//远离敌人（目标）
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public class FSMSystem
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private FSMStateID mCurrentStateID;
private FSMBaseState mCurrentState;
private Dictionary<FSMStateID, FSMBaseState> mFSMStateDic = new Dictionary<FSMStateID, FSMBaseState>();
public void AddFSMSate(FSMBaseState state)
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if (state == null)
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Debug.Log("角色状态为空，无法添加");
return;
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if (mCurrentState == null)
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//第一个添加的状态被作为系统首个运行的状态
mCurrentStateID = state.mStateID;
mCurrentState = state;
mCurrentState.StateStart();
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if (mFSMStateDic.ContainsValue(state))
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Debug.Log("容器内存在该状态");
return;
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mFSMStateDic.Add(state.mStateID, state);
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public void DeleteFSMSate(FSMBaseState state)
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if (state == null)
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Debug.Log("角色状态为空，无法添加");
return;
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if (!mFSMStateDic.ContainsValue(state))
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Debug.Log("容器内不存在该状态");
return;
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mFSMStateDic.Remove(state.mStateID);
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//更新（执行）系统
public void UpdateSystem()
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if (mCurrentState != null)
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mCurrentState.StateUpdate();
mCurrentState.TransitionReason();
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//转换状态
public void TransitionFSMState(FSMTransition transition)
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FSMStateID stateID = mCurrentState.GetStateIdByTransition(transition);
if (stateID != FSMStateID.NullFSMStateID)
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mCurrentStateID = stateID;
mCurrentState.StateEnd();
//换状态
mCurrentState = mFSMStateDic.FirstOrDefault(q => q.Key == stateID).Value;
mCurrentState.StateStart();
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各个状态（巡逻状态、追逐状态）抽象理解为一个对象
创建一个状态基类，各个状态子类中可以继承重写这个基类方法
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Linq;
public abstract class FSMBaseState
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public FSMStateID mStateID ｛ get; set; ｝ //状态ID
public FSMSystem mFSMSystem ｛ get; set; ｝ //该对象属于在哪个状态机
public Dictionary<FSMTransition, FSMStateID> mFSMStateIdDic = new Dictionary<FSMTransition, FSMStateID>();
public FSMBaseState(FSMSystem fsmSystem, FSMStateID stateID)
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this.mFSMSystem = fsmSystem;
this.mStateID = stateID;
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public void AddTransition(FSMTransition transition, FSMStateID stateID)
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if (mFSMStateIdDic.ContainsKey(transition))
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Debug.Log("本状态已经包含了该转换条件");
return;
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mFSMStateIdDic.Add(transition, stateID);
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public void DeleteTransition(FSMTransition transition)
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if (!mFSMStateIdDic.ContainsKey(transition))
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Debug.Log("容器中没有该转换条件");
return;
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mFSMStateIdDic.Remove(transition);
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public FSMStateID GetStateIdByTransition(FSMTransition transition)
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if (!mFSMStateIdDic.ContainsKey(transition))
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Debug.Log("容器内没有该转换条件，无法获取状态");
return FSMStateID.NullFSMStateID;
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return mFSMStateIdDic.FirstOrDefault(q => q.Key == transition).Value;
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public abstract void StateStart();
public abstract void StateUpdate();
public abstract void StateEnd();
//转化状态条件
public abstract void TransitionReason();
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以下是巡逻状态
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class FSMPatrolState : FSMBaseState
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//路径点
private List<Transform> mStargetPointTransform = new List<Transform>();
//路径点索引
private int mPointIndex = 0;
//士兵
private GameObject mSliderObj ｛ get; set; ｝
//主角
private GameObject mPlayerObj ｛ get; set; ｝
//士兵移动速度
private float mMoveSpeed = 4f;
public FSMPatrolState(FSMSystem fsmSystem) : base(fsmSystem, FSMStateID.PatrolFSMStateID) ｛ ｝
public override void StateStart()
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//获取路径点
Transform[] transforms = GameObject.Find("Points").GetComponentsInChildren<Transform>();
foreach (var m_transform in transforms)
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if (m_transform != GameObject.Find("Points").transform)
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mStargetPointTransform.Add(m_transform);
Debug.Log(m_transform.position);
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//获取士兵对象
mSliderObj = GameObject.Find("Slider");
//获取主角对象
mPlayerObj = GameObject.Find("Player");
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public override void StateUpdate()
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//确实目标点并移动
mSliderObj.transform.LookAt(this.mStargetPointTransform[this.mPointIndex].position);
mSliderObj.transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * mMoveSpeed);
if (Vector3.Distance(mSliderObj.transform.position, this.mStargetPointTransform[this.mPointIndex].position) < 0.5f)
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//切换目标点
this.mPointIndex++;
if (this.mPointIndex >= this.mStargetPointTransform.Count)
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this.mPointIndex = 0;
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public override void StateEnd()
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public override void TransitionReason()
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if (Vector3.Distance(mSliderObj.transform.position, mPlayerObj.transform.position) <= 2.0f)
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//转化状态
if (this.mFSMSystem == null)
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Debug.Log("目标状态机为空");
return;
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mFSMSystem.TransitionFSMState(FSMTransition.SeePlayer);
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以下是追逐状态
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class FSMChaseState : FSMBaseState
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private GameObject mPlayerObj ｛ get; set; ｝
private GameObject mSliderObj ｛ get; set; ｝
private float mSliderMoveSpeed = 6.0f;
public FSMChaseState(FSMSystem fsmSystem) : base(fsmSystem, FSMStateID.ChaseFSMStateID) ｛ ｝
public override void StateStart()
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mPlayerObj = GameObject.Find("Player");
mSliderObj = GameObject.Find("Slider");
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public override void StateUpdate()
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if (Vector3.Distance(mPlayerObj.transform.position, mSliderObj.transform.position) <= 10.0f)
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//开始面向主角
mSliderObj.transform.LookAt(mPlayerObj.transform.position);
//开始追逐
mSliderObj.transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * mSliderMoveSpeed);
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public override void StateEnd()
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public override void TransitionReason()
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//当主角远离敌人
if (Vector3.Distance(mPlayerObj.transform.position, mSliderObj.transform.position) > 10.0f)
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//转化状态
if (this.mFSMSystem == null)
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Debug.Log("目标状态机为空");
return;
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mFSMSystem.TransitionFSMState(FSMTransition.LeavePlayer);
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该状态机的优点在于当有不同类型的状态时候，可以直接添加到状态系统内，而不要需要状态系统内部的运行逻辑
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Slider : MonoBehaviour
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private FSMSystem fsmSystem ｛ get; set; ｝
void Start ()
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fsmSystem = new FSMSystem();
//巡逻状态，在构造参数传一个系统参数，确定该状态是在哪个状态系统中管理的，状态转换的时候调用
FSMBaseState patrolState = new FSMPatrolState(fsmSystem);
patrolState.AddTransition(FSMTransition.SeePlayer, FSMStateID.ChaseFSMStateID);//巡逻状态转化条件
//追逐状态
FSMBaseState chaseState = new FSMChaseState(fsmSystem);
chaseState.AddTransition(FSMTransition.LeavePlayer, FSMStateID.PatrolFSMStateID);
fsmSystem.AddFSMSate(patrolState);
fsmSystem.AddFSMSate(chaseState);
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void Update ()
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fsmSystem.UpdateSystem();
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