Unity背包系统
发表于2018-03-20
在前面的文章中给大家介绍了背包系统的Json生成与解析与背包UI设计。在本文中将和大家介绍整个背包制作流程，由于背包系统制作涉及挺多内容，大家如果想了解透，可以下载本文工程源码。
【开发物品类及其子类】
物品类（KnapsackGood）是一切物品的基类
其中物品分为消耗物品（Consumable）、装备物品（Equitment）、武器物品（Weapon）、材料物品（Material）都继承自物品类（KnapsackGood）
KnapsackGood.cs
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
/// <summary>
/// 物品共有属性类
/// </summary>
public class BaseProperty
｛
public int ID ｛ get; set; ｝
public string name ｛ get; set; ｝
public string description ｛ get; set; ｝
public int capacity ｛ get; set; ｝
public int buyPrice ｛ get; set; ｝
public int sellPrice ｛ get; set; ｝
public string sprite ｛ get; set; ｝
public KnapsackGood.GoodType goodType ｛ get; set; ｝
public KnapsackGood.GoodQuality goodQuality ｛ get; set; ｝
public BaseProperty()
｛｝
public BaseProperty(int ID, string name, string description, int capacity, int buyPrice, int sellPrice, string sprite, KnapsackGood.GoodType goodType, KnapsackGood.GoodQuality goodQuality)
｛
this.ID = ID;
this.name = name;
this.description = description;
this.capacity=capacity;
this.buyPrice = buyPrice;
this.sellPrice = sellPrice;
this.sprite = sprite;
this.goodType = goodType;
this.goodQuality = goodQuality;
｝
｝
/// <summary>
/// 物品基类
/// </summary>
public class KnapsackGood
｛
public BaseProperty goodProperty ｛ get; set; ｝
public KnapsackGood()
｛
｝
public KnapsackGood(BaseProperty goodProperty)
｛
this.goodProperty = goodProperty;
｝
/// <summary>
/// 物品类型
/// </summary>
public enum GoodType
｛
Consumable, //消耗品
Equipment, //装备
Weapon, //武器
Meterial //材料
｝
/// <summary>
/// 物品品质
/// </summary>
public enum GoodQuality
｛
Common, //普通
Uncommon, //不普通
Rare, //稀有
Epic, //史诗
Legendary //传奇
｝
public virtual string GetDescribe()
｛
string color = "";
switch (goodProperty.goodQuality)
｛
case KnapsackGood.GoodQuality.Common:
color = "white";
break;
case KnapsackGood.GoodQuality.Epic:
color = "lime";
break;
case KnapsackGood.GoodQuality.Legendary:
color = "navy";
break;
case KnapsackGood.GoodQuality.Rare:
color = "magenta";
break;
case KnapsackGood.GoodQuality.Uncommon:
color = "orange";
break;
default:
break;
｝
string describe = string.Format("<color=｛0｝>｛1｝</color>\n<size=10><color=green>购买价格：｛2｝ 出售价格：｛3｝</color></size>\n<color=yellow><size=10>｛4｝</size></color>", color, goodProperty.name, goodProperty.buyPrice, goodProperty.sellPrice, goodProperty.description);
return describe;
｝
｝
其他子类是在父类的基础上增加特点属性，因为篇幅在这里我就不贴出其子类的代码，大家可下载源码自行学习，代码不难理解
【创建KnapsackManager（面板与物品之间的媒介）】
KnapsackManager这个类管理面板背包面板与物品，相当于面板与物品之间的媒介，方便管理
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using UnityEditor;
using LitJson;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System;
public class KnapsackManager : MonoBehaviour
｛
private static KnapsackManager _instance;
public static KnapsackManager GetInstance
｛
get
｛
if (_instance == null)
｛
_instance = GameObject.Find("Camera").GetComponent<KnapsackManager>();
｝
return _instance;
｝
｝
private bool isShowToolTilePanel = false;
public GameObject pickGood;
public GoodUI GetPickGoodUI
｛
get
｛
return pickGood.GetComponent<GoodUI>();
｝
｝
public Vector3 GetPickGoodLocalPos
｛
get
｛
return pickGood.transform.localPosition;
｝
｝
public bool isPickGood = false;
/// <summary>
/// 存储多个物品对象（从json解析过来）
/// </summary>
private List<KnapsackGood> goodList;
void Awake()
｛
ParseGoodsJson();
｝
private GameObject toolTilePanel;
private GameObject canvase;
// Use this for initialization
void Start ()
｛
toolTilePanel = GameObject.Find("ToolTilePanel");
canvase = GameObject.Find("Canvas");
pickGood = GameObject.Find("PickGoodUI");
｝
// Update is called once per frame
void Update ()
｛
if (isPickGood)
｛
Vector2 point = Vector2.zero;
//该函数是将屏幕坐标转化以第一个参数对象的子节点坐标
//参数一：需要转换的坐标以该对象作为父节点
//参数二：鼠标点
//参数三：参数一对象以哪个摄像机渲染（由于该参数一画布没有相机渲染，故为null）
//参数四：返回一个需要转换的目标点
RectTransformUtility.ScreenPointToLocalPointInRectangle(canvase.GetComponent<Canvas>().transform as RectTransform, Input.mousePosition, null, out point);
pickGood.GetComponent<GoodUI>().SetLocalPosition(point);
｝
if (isShowToolTilePanel)
｛
Vector2 point=Vector2.zero;
//该函数是将屏幕坐标转化以第一个参数对象的子节点坐标
//参数一：需要转换的坐标以该对象作为父节点
//参数二：鼠标点
//参数三：参数一对象以哪个摄像机渲染（由于该参数一画布没有相机渲染，故为null）
//参数四：返回一个需要转换的目标点
RectTransformUtility.ScreenPointToLocalPointInRectangle(canvase.GetComponent<Canvas>().transform as RectTransform,Input.mousePosition,null, out point);
toolTilePanel.GetComponent<ToolTilePanel>().SetLocalPosition(point + new Vector2(5,-15));
｝
// 画布的EventSystem事件上 判断点击鼠标左键位置上是否有UI对象
// | |
//UnityEngine.EventSystems.EventSystem.current.IsPointerOverGameObject(-1))
if(isPickGood&&Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0)&&UnityEngine.EventSystems.EventSystem.current.IsPointerOverGameObject(-1)==false)
｛
isPickGood = false;
GetPickGoodUI.SetLocalPosition(new Vector3(-420, 2, 0));
HideToolTilePanel();
｝
｝
void ParseGoodsJson()
｛
goodList = new List<KnapsackGood>();
string path = Application.streamingAssetsPath + "/GoodJson.json";
#region 文件流方式读文件
/*
byte[] bt=new byte[1024];
char[] data=new char[1024];
FileStream fileStream = File.Open(path,FileMode.Open);
fileStream.Seek(0,SeekOrigin.Begin);
fileStream.Read(bt,0,1024);
System.Text.Decoder coder = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();
coder.GetChars(bt,0,bt.Length,data,0);
Debug.Log(new string(data));
fileStream.Flush();
fileStream.Close();
List<Consumable> goods = JsonMapper.ToObject<List<Consumable>>(new string(data));
foreach (Consumable good in goods)
｛
Debug.Log(good.ToString());
｝
*/
#endregion
StreamReader sr =new StreamReader(path);
string json=sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
JsonData data = JsonMapper.ToObject(json);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i <= data.Count - 1; i++)
｛
BaseProperty gp = JsonMapper.ToObject<BaseProperty>(data[i]["goodProperty"].ToJson());
KnapsackGood kg = null;
switch (gp.goodType)
｛
case KnapsackGood.GoodType.Consumable:
int HP = int.Parse(data[i]["HP"].ToString());
int MP = int.Parse(data[i]["MP"].ToString());
kg = new Consumable(HP,MP,gp);
break;
case KnapsackGood.GoodType.Equipment:
int strength = int.Parse(data[i]["strength"].ToString());
int intellect = int.Parse(data[i]["intellect"].ToString());
int agility = int.Parse(data[i]["agility"].ToString());
int stamina = int.Parse(data[i]["stamina"].ToString());
Equipment.EquitmentType equitmentType = (Equipment.EquitmentType)System.Enum.Parse(typeof(Equipment.EquitmentType), data[i]["equitmentType"].ToString());
kg = new Equipment(strength,intellect,agility,stamina,equitmentType,gp);
break;
case KnapsackGood.GoodType.Meterial:
break;
case KnapsackGood.GoodType.Weapon:
int damage = int.Parse(data[i]["damage"].ToString());
Weapon.WeaponType weaponType = (Weapon.WeaponType)System.Enum.Parse(typeof(Weapon.WeaponType), data[i]["weaponType"].ToString());
kg = new Weapon(damage, weaponType, gp);
break;
default:
break;
｝
goodList.Add(kg);
｝
｝
public KnapsackGood GetGoodWithID(int ID)
｛
foreach (KnapsackGood good in goodList)
｛
if (ID == good.goodProperty.ID)
｛
return good;
｝
｝
return null;
｝
public void ShowToolTilePanel(string str=" ")
｛
isShowToolTilePanel = true;
toolTilePanel.GetComponent<ToolTilePanel>().ShowPanel(str);
｝
public void HideToolTilePanel()
｛
isShowToolTilePanel = false;
toolTilePanel.GetComponent<ToolTilePanel>().HidePanel();
｝
｝ 【创建面板类Inventory】
面板类管理面板中各个物品槽，当存储物品是，寻找合适的物品槽并且管理将物品存储到该物品槽内，并且控制面板的显示和隐藏
Inventory.cs
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class Inventory : MonoBehaviour
｛
public Slot[] slotList;
/// <summary>
/// 控制面板的透明度从而控制显示或隐藏
/// </summary>
private float targetAlpha=1;
private CanvasGroup cg;
private float lerpSpeed=2.0f;
protected virtual void Start()
｛
slotList = this.GetComponentsInChildren<Slot>();
cg = this.GetComponent<CanvasGroup>();
｝
void Update()
｛
if (targetAlpha != this.cg.alpha)
｛
this.cg.alpha = Mathf.Lerp(this.cg.alpha, targetAlpha, lerpSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
if (Mathf.Abs(this.cg.alpha - targetAlpha) <= 0.01f)
｛
this.cg.alpha = targetAlpha;
｝
｝
｝
public bool StoreGood(int ID)
｛
KnapsackGood good = KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetGoodWithID(ID);
return StoreGood(good);
｝
public bool StoreGood(KnapsackGood good)
｛
if (good == null)
｛
Debug.Log("需要存储的物品为空");
return false;
｝
if (good.goodProperty.capacity == 1)//如果该物品在物品槽中只能存放一个
｛//直接找到一个还没有使用的物品槽
Slot slot = FindEmptySlot();
if (slot != null)//如果找到了空的物品槽，那么将该物品发进去
｛
slot.StoreGood(good);
｝
else//如果没有找到，则将说明背包以满
｛
Debug.Log("没有找到空的物品槽，可能是背包以满");
return false;
｝
｝
else
｛//先寻找是否已经有存放了该物品的物品槽
Slot slot = FindFreeSlot(good.goodProperty.ID);
if (slot != null)
｛
slot.StoreGood(good);
｝
else
｛
Slot s = FindEmptySlot();
if (s != null)
｛
s.StoreGood(good);
｝
else
｛
Debug.Log("没有找到空的物品槽，可能是背包以满");
return false;
｝
｝
｝
return true; ;
｝
/// <summary>
/// 根据ID寻找存储了该物品的物品槽
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private Slot FindFreeSlot(int ID)
｛
foreach (Slot s in slotList)
｛
if (s.transform.childCount > 0 && s.GetGoodID() == ID&&s.IsFill()==false)
｛
return s;
｝
｝
return null;
｝
private Slot FindEmptySlot()
｛
foreach (Slot s in slotList)
｛
//还没有存放物品的物品槽中也没有添加GoodUI,根据该物品槽中是否有子节点这个线索来判断是否存放物品
if (s.transform.childCount == 0||s.transform.gameObject.activeInHierarchy==false)
｛
return s;
｝
｝
//没有找到空的物品槽，说明背包以满
return null;
｝
public void ShowPanel()
｛
targetAlpha = 1;
this.cg.blocksRaycasts = true;
｝
public void HidePanel()
｛
targetAlpha = 0;
this.cg.blocksRaycasts = false;
｝
｝ 创建一个KnapsackPanel.cs挂载到面板上，继承自Inventory
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class KnapsackPanel : Inventory
｛
private static KnapsackPanel _instance;
public static KnapsackPanel GetInstance
｛
get
｛
if (_instance == null)
｛
_instance = GameObject.Find("KnapsackPanel").GetComponent<KnapsackPanel>();
｝
return _instance;
｝
｝
｝ 【创建物品槽类】
物品槽类控制显示物品UI，提示面板的显示和隐藏
该类是挂载到物品槽上
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine.EventSystems;
using System;
public class Slot : MonoBehaviour ,IPointerEnterHandler,IPointerExitHandler,IPointerDownHandler
｛
// Use this for initialization
void Start ()
｛
｝
// Update is called once per frame
void Update ()
｛
｝
public int GetGoodID()
｛
if (this.transform.childCount == 0)
｛
return -1;
｝
GoodUI gu = this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>();
return gu.good.goodProperty.ID;
｝
public bool IsFill()
｛
GoodUI gu = this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>();
return gu.good.goodProperty.capacity <= gu.amount;//物品的容量小于物品当前的数量
｝
public GameObject goodPrefab;
public void StoreGood(KnapsackGood good,int amount=1)
｛
if (this.transform.childCount == 0)//如果该物品槽为空，则在这物品槽里新建一个GoodUI
｛
GameObject obj = GameObject.Instantiate(goodPrefab);
obj.transform.SetParent(this.transform);
obj.transform.localPosition = Vector3.zero;
obj.transform.localScale = Vector3.one;
obj.GetComponent<GoodUI>().SetGood(good,amount);
｝
else
｛
if (this.transform.GetChild(0).gameObject.activeInHierarchy == false)
｛
this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>().Show();
this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>().SetGood(good,amount);
｝
else
｛
this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>().AddGood();
｝
｝
｝
public void OnPointerEnter(PointerEventData eventData)
｛
Debug.Log("鼠标进入物品槽");
if (this.transform.childCount > 0)
｛
//获得描述文本
string text = this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>().good.GetDescribe();
KnapsackManager.GetInstance.ShowToolTilePanel(text);
｝
｝
public void OnPointerExit(PointerEventData eventData)
｛
if (this.transform.childCount > 0)
｛
KnapsackManager.GetInstance.HideToolTilePanel();
｝
｝
/// <summary>
/// 鼠标抬下
///
/// **************************方法说明*************************************
/// *//物品槽里没有物品 *
/// * //1.IsPickGood=true 将PickGood里的物品放置到该物品槽内 *
/// * //2.IsPickGood=false 不做任何处理 *
/// *//物品槽里存在物品 *
/// * //1.IsPickGood=true 将该物品槽的物品替换PickGood里的物品 *
/// * //2.IsPickGood=false 将该物品槽的物品放置在PickGood里 *
/// ***********************************************************************
/// </summary>
/// <param name="eventData"></param>
public virtual void OnPointerDown(PointerEventData eventData)
｛
if (this.transform.childCount == 0 || this.transform.GetChild(0).gameObject.activeInHierarchy == false)
｛
if (KnapsackManager.GetInstance.isPickGood)
｛
Debug.Log(KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.amount);
StoreGood(KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.good, KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.amount);
KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.SetLocalPosition(new Vector3(-420,2,0));//将pickGoodUI位置归零
KnapsackManager.GetInstance.isPickGood = false;
｝
else
｛
//无需做处理
｝
｝
else
｛
if (KnapsackManager.GetInstance.isPickGood)
｛
StorageSlot.slot.StoreGood(this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>().good, this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>().amount);
//this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>().Exchange(Slot.GetInstance.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>());
//StoreGood(KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.good, KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.amount);
this.transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>().SetGood(KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.good, KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.amount);
KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.SetLocalPosition(new Vector3(-420, 2, 0));//将pickGoodUI位置归零
KnapsackManager.GetInstance.isPickGood = false;
｝
else
｛
StorageSlot.slot = this;
KnapsackManager.GetInstance.GetPickGoodUI.ReplaceGoodUI(transform.GetChild(0).GetComponent<GoodUI>());
KnapsackManager.GetInstance.isPickGood = true;
//将自身物品槽的UI销毁
Destroy(this.transform.GetChild(0).gameObject);
｝
｝
｝
｝ 【创建GoodUI】
该类挂载在物品槽的子对象上
控制物品现在在物品槽内
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine.UI;
public class GoodUI : MonoBehaviour
｛
public KnapsackGood good ｛ get; private set; ｝//物品槽中存放的物品
public int amount ｛ get; private set; ｝//物品槽存放物品的数量
private Image GoodUIImage
｛
get
｛
return this.transform.GetComponent<Image>();
｝
｝
private Text GoodUIText
｛
get
｛
return this.transform.GetComponentInChildren<Text>();
｝
｝
public void SetGood(KnapsackGood good, int amount = 1)
｛
this.good = good;
this.amount = amount;
GoodUIImage.sprite = Resources.Load<Sprite>(good.goodProperty.sprite);
if (good.goodProperty.capacity > 1)
｛
GoodUIText.text = this.amount.ToString();
｝
else
｛
GoodUIText.text = "";
｝
｝
public void AddGood(int amount = 1)
｛
this.amount += amount;
if (good.goodProperty.capacity > 1)
｛
GoodUIText.text = this.amount.ToString();
｝
else
｛
GoodUIText.text = "";
｝
｝
public void ReplaceGoodUI(GoodUI gu)
｛
this.good = gu.good;
this.amount = gu.amount;
Debug.Log(gu.amount);
SetGood(this.good, this.amount);
｝
public void Exchange(GoodUI gu)
｛
KnapsackGood tempGood = gu.good;
int tempAmount = gu.amount;
gu.SetGood(good, amount);
this.SetGood(tempGood, tempAmount);
｝
public void SetLocalPosition(Vector3 point)
｛
this.transform.localPosition = point;
｝
public void Show()
｛
this.gameObject.SetActive(true);
｝
public void Hide()
｛
this.gameObject.SetActive(false);
｝
｝ 【测试】
创建一个UserPlaying.cs来测试代码
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class UserPlaying : MonoBehaviour
｛
// Update is called once per frame
void Update ()
｛
if (Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode.G))
｛
int rand = Random.Range(1,8);
KnapsackPanel.GetInstance.StoreGood(rand);
｝
｝
｝ 按下G键，发现随机生成了物品并显示在物品槽中
建议大家下载我的源码学习，这样有助于理解，源码中也写了角色背包，角色面板的角色物品槽处理和背包不尽相同，大体差不多
好了，背包系统介绍到这里。
总结：
在这里我着重介绍两个知识点：
一、RectTransformUtility.ScreenPointToLocalPointInRectangle函数的使用
//该函数是将屏幕坐标转化以第一个参数对象的子节点坐标
//参数一：需要转换的坐标以该对象作为父节点
//参数二：鼠标点
//参数三：参数一对象以哪个摄像机渲染（由于该参数一画布没有相机渲染，故为null）
//参数四：返回一个需要转换的目标点
RectTransformUtility.ScreenPointToLocalPointInRectangle(canvase.GetComponent<Canvas>().transform as RectTransform,Input.mousePosition,null, out point); 二、IPointerEnterHandler,IPointerExitHandler,IPointerDownHandler接口的使用
以上接口的实现函数分别在鼠标移入该对象、移除该对象、点击该对象时触发调用
其中会传进一个参数UnityEngine.EventSystems.PointerEventData eventData
可以根据这个参数，解析你需要的事件
比如：
if (eventData.button != PointerEventData.InputButton.Left)
｛
return;
｝ 背包系统源码：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_33747722/9819495
来自：http://blog.csdn.net/qq_33747722/article/details/70244303