使用透明度实现Mask遮罩的Unity Shader

发表于2016-11-09
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关于遮罩的需求
  将矩形的图片做成圆角矩形、圆形
常用实现方式
  使用UGUI自带的Mask组件实现
  使用网上一搜一大把的简单切割shader实现
存在的问题
  这些实现方案容易出现锯齿问题,见下图

            

常见实现方案的锯齿

锯齿的由来
  由于屏幕都是像素化的,所以看似圆滑的曲线,在屏幕上其实都是有锯齿的,但由于人眼的识别能力有限,所以当锯齿小到一定程度的时候就会认为曲线是圆滑的。
  然而,由于分辨率问题,我们很难做到锯齿足够小,所以需要在产生锯齿的边缘添加颜色过渡,避免明显的分界线,从而使人眼忽略锯齿问题。
现有方案的锯齿原因
  由于现有方案是简单的判断遮罩的边界:
  UGUI的Mask组件是通过透明度判断,如果遮罩某像素点透明度达到一个值,则该像素点对应的颜色透明度不变,否则透明度置为0 ,使用遮罩的透明度作为掩码写入缓冲区,之后只渲染缓冲区为1的区域。

以下为官方文档说明
Implementation
Masking is implemented using the stencil buffer of the GPU.
The first Mask element writes a 1 to the stencil buffer 
All elements below the mask check when rendering, and only render to areas where there is a 1 in the stencil buffer
Nested Masks will write incremental bit masks into the buffer, this means that renderable children need to have the logical & of the stencil values to be rendered.
简单切割shader的实现是通过边缘检测来判断该点是否显示,不显示则透明度置为0
发现了吗,这些方案都是非黑即白的的方案,根本实现不了颜色过渡,所以存在锯齿的现象

解决方案
我给出的方案是使用透明度叠加来做
1、制作一张PS做的带透明度过渡的遮罩
2、编写shader,获取这张遮罩的透明度,将该透明度和目标图片的透明度进行混合效果

           

使用遮罩前

              

制作材质球

              

添加材质球

           

使用遮罩后

           
其他形状的遮罩

shader代码

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Shader "ImageEffect/MaskIcon"
    Properties
    
        [PerRendererData] _MainTex ("Sprite Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
        _Mask ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {} 
 
 
        _Color ("Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
        _StencilComp ("Stencil Comparison", Float) = 8
        _Stencil ("Stencil ID", Float) = 0
        _StencilOp ("Stencil Operation", Float) = 0
        _StencilWriteMask ("Stencil Write Mask", Float) = 255
        _StencilReadMask ("Stencil Read Mask", Float) = 255
        _ColorMask ("Color Mask", Float) = 15
        [Toggle(UNITY_UI_ALPHACLIP)] _UseUIAlphaClip ("Use Alpha Clip", Float) = 0
    }
 
    SubShader
    {
        Tags
        {
            "Queue"="Transparent"
            "IgnoreProjector"="True"
            "RenderType"="Transparent"
            "PreviewType"="Plane"
            "CanUseSpriteAtlas"="True"
        }
 
        Stencil
        {
            Ref [_Stencil]
            Comp [_StencilComp]
            Pass [_StencilOp]
            ReadMask [_StencilReadMask]
            WriteMask [_StencilWriteMask]
        }
 
        Cull Off
        Lighting Off
        ZWrite Off
        ZTest [unity_GUIZTestMode]
        Blend SrcAlpha OneMinusSrcAlpha
        ColorMask [_ColorMask]
 
        Pass
        {        
            CGPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex vert
            #pragma fragment frag
 
            #include "UnityCG.cginc"
            #include "UnityUI.cginc"
 
            #pragma multi_compile __ UNITY_UI_ALPHACLIP
 
            struct a2v
            {
                fixed2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
                half4 vertex : POSITION;
                float4 color    : COLOR;
            };
 
            fixed4 _Color;
 
            struct v2f
            {
                fixed2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
                half4 vertex : SV_POSITION;
                float4 color    : COLOR;
            };
 
            sampler2D _MainTex;
            sampler2D _Mask; 
 
            v2f vert (a2v i)
            {
                v2f o;
                o.vertex = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, i.vertex);
                o.uv = i.uv;
 
                o.color = i.color * _Color;
                return o;
            }
 
            fixed4 frag (v2f i) : COLOR
            {
                half4 color = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv) * i.color;
                half4 mask = tex2D(_Mask, i.uv);
                color.a *= mask.a;
                return color;
            }
            ENDCG
        
    }  
}

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